George Schuyler, Black No More - 1591 Words

George Schuyler, Iconoclast in Black No More George S. Schuyler, according to Mark Gauvreau Judge, was born in Rhode Island in 1985 and died in 1977. Schuyler’s mother eventually remarried after the death of her first husband, and the family moved to Syracuse NY, where Schuyler was taught by her and his stepfather the protestant ethic of working for whatever he wanted to achieve (Rac(e)ing to the Right xv). Those teachings, along with learning from his mother to read at an early age, in all likelihood, were the catalyst to his becoming one of the most well-known â€Å"Aframerican† journalists in the United States and one of America’s first black conservatives, wrote Judge continued. Reconstruction never accomplished its objectives; African†¦show more content†¦Subsequently, as Schuyler’s views took a turn to the far right; he was named as one of the few black conservatives of his era (). He opposed the New Deal signed into law by FDR, supported Joseph McCarthy’s anti-Communist positio n and was against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (). Additionally, Schuyler was mentored in the skill of satire and debate by H.L. Mencken, who became, not only Schuyler’s teacher but his friend (Judge). The Pittsburg Courier is where Schuyler spent forty years, losing his position after a scathing protest regarding Dr. Martin Luther King’s nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize (Kickler). No one was exempt from Schuyler’s scrutiny and criticism,† including the bigoted Ku Klux Klan, the charlatan, Marcus Garvey, the verbose W.E.B. Dubois or the over-praised authors associated with the Harlem Renaissance (Kicker). Jeffrey Ferguson wrote in The Sage of Sugar Hill that Schuyler looked at himself as a â€Å"useful irritant.† Schuyler, the iconoclast, functioned as a server of the truth (in his mind) to his readers whom he thought could not ferret it out for themselves. Using that same point of view Schuyler wrote Black No More, one the first works of Africa n American science fiction that explored what would happen if all the black people in the U. S. could become white (7). Science fiction or speculative fiction is defined by The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms as â€Å"a popular modern branch of prose fiction that explores the probableShow MoreRelatedBlack No More By George Schuyler797 Words   |  4 Pagescome. In the eighteen eighties Jim Crow Laws were passed that segregated Black individuals and often subjected them to humiliating conditions. These conditions exasperate and trouble all of the characters in the novel Black No More. In this novel by George Schuyler Blacks are degraded and oppressed because of the color of their skin. This oppression is caused by ignorant prejudices that individuals in the novel hold. Schuyler uses satire, elevated language, and imagery to further support the ideaRead MoreSummary Of The Iconoclast s Black No More 1718 Words   |  7 PagesIconoclast in Black No More A Black person learns very early that his color is a disadvantage in the world of white folk. This being an unalterable circumstance, one also learns very early to make the best of it. George S. Schuyler, Black, and Conservative George S. Schuyler, author of Black No More, was born in Rhode Island in 1885 and died in New York in 1977. Schuyler’s father died when he was three years old; his mother remarried, and the family moved to Syracuse, New York. There Schuyler was taughtRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1703 Words   |  7 Pages1920s and 1930s, to create unity amongst the black communities in the United States, the Caribbean and and Africa. Some common themes represented during the Harlem Renaissance were the influence of slavery, black identity, the effects of institutional racism, the dilemmas of performing and writing for elite white audiences, and how to convey the experience of modern black life in the urban North. To many, the Harlem Renaissance promoted a sense of black pride and allowed African Americans to distinguishRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Hamilton 1052 Words   |  5 Pageskeep up with even though it has a fast pace. The first act tells the story of revoluti on and how Hamilton meets his wife Eliza Schuyler. In this act, Hamilton is trying to make a name for himself by fighting in the war but instead becomes George Washington’s secretary. The second act is a bit more somber and has a slower pace. This act is also more dramatic and evokes more emotion. In this act Hamilton and the other founding fathers are trying to create the country from the ground up. Act two startsRead MoreColorism Within the Harlem Renaissance2864 Words   |  12 Pagesspecific I have found that it plays a more dominantly negative role in the lives of women and through literary and secondary source supports this paper will further express what colorism is and the affect it has on the women who face it at such a high racially tense time. I believe it is first important to have an understanding of the period of time known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a time period that begin in the 1920s [when] black intellectuals of Harlem had a ‘reawakening’Read MoreDuring The Exposition Of Richard Wright’S Native Son, Jan1067 Words   |  5 Pagesand initiates a cordial handshake with Bigger Thomas, a black boy. Bigger is highly suspicious of this gesture, so much so that he can barely bring himself to shake Jan’s hand. As a dark-skinned male 20-year old living in Chicago’s South Side during the 1930s, Bigger had good reason to be dubious of Jan’s intentions. It is not unlikely that he had not experienced this kind of interaction with a white person until this moment. To make matters more complicated, Mary Dalton, a white girl, is encouragingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of America1526 Words   |  7 Pageseverything else in between. It was steadily growing m ore and more unbearable for black people. The time for waiting was becoming shorter and the time for a change was at hand. Segregationist violence played a major factor in the push towards civil rights from blacks. On August 28, 1955, a fourteen-year-old black male, named Emmett Till was lynched for whistling at a white woman. â€Å"The crime was extremely brutal, and it was a reminder to the black community that whites would utilize all means, includingRead MoreJackie Robinson : African American Civil Rights Activist1181 Words   |  5 PagesGroups–Part 1, Hearings Before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eighty First Congress, First Session. 18 July. 1949. This is a transcript from 1949, when Jackie Robinson was summoned before the HUAC to discuss communism to Black America. He reminds the court that he is coming from a view of being a colored American, â€Å"with 30 years of experience†. Jackie follows to explain that democracy will only work for those who are willing to fight for it (addressed Negro Americans). Read MoreHistory5499 Words   |  22 Pagessees Harlem Renaissance used interchangeably with ‘‘New Negro Renaissance,’’ a term that includes all African Americans, regardless of their location, who participated in this cultural revolution. Followers of the New Negro dicta, which emphasized blacks’ inclusion in and empowerment by American society, were undeniably spread throughout the nation, and most major cities had pockets of the African-American elite that W. E. B. Du Bois dubbed the ‘‘Talented Tenth.’’ Nevertheless, New York City was,Read MoreThe Negro Artist And The Racial Mountain : The Manifesto For Artists Of The Harlem Renaissance1787 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance was the â€Å"irresistible impulse of blacks to create boldly expressive art of a high quality as a primary response to their social conditions, as an affirmation of their dignity and humanity in the face of poverty and racism† (953). The Harlem Renaissance was known as the rebirth of music, drama, dance, literature, and art for African Americans from 1919-1940. During this time, Black Americans found themselves longing to gain acceptance from their own. Blacks needed to create art and literature to

Cancellation of Agreement of Sale Dated 18-12-2011 Free Essays

This deed of cancellation of agreement is made and executed on this _____ day of _________, ________ at Hyderabad, By Between. The Greater Banjara co-operative Housing Society Ltd. bearing registration no. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancellation of Agreement of Sale Dated: 18-12-2011 or any similar topic only for you Order Now TAB-606 dated 7-7-2004 at Hyderabad, represented by the president of the society Mr. Santhosh Raja, S/o. Shri Bhupal goud and the secretary Mr. Subhash Reddy S/o. Late K. Srinivasa Reddy along with the society members (herein after called the â€Å"Vendors†) which terms shall mean and include their legal representatives, auditors managing committee members, General members of the society and their nominees etc. and assigns in Vendor. AND 4 GEMS RELATOR’S AND DEVELOPERS Office: C/o. Raj Bhavan Road plot no. 134, Suyog Nagar, Nagpur – 4400013, Represented by its partners, PARHEEZ. S. GIMI, Aged 41yrs, R/o. Behramhi Town Nagpur, BHARAT. S. MESHRAM, Aged 38yrs, R/o. Shivaji Complex, Mankapur, Nagpur, ASHFAQ. SAMNANI, Aged 40yrs, R/o. C. A. Road, Nagpur. JOINTLY AND SEVERALLY (Herein after called the â€Å"vendee†) which terms shall mean and include their heirs, legal representatives and assigns in Vendee. Whereas the Greater Banjara co-operative Housing Society Ltd, the VENDOR of the first part is a society registered under the provisions of Andhra Pradesh co-operative societies at 1964 and has been issued certificate of registration under section 8 of APCS act-VII of 1964 on 07-07-2004. the object of the said society is to carry on the trade and business of building, buying and selling the land is accordance with co-operative principles and with prior permission and authorization by its members as per the terms of bye-laws. Whereas the vendees of the second part are the residents of Nagpur city in the state of Maharashtra and are involved in the business including the business relating to sell purchase of agricultural and non agricultural lands and infrastructures and were in search of property for making investment and development as for its wish and whims. The vendees of the second part came in contact with vendor of the first part through concerned person and got knowledge about the intension of the vendors of the first part to sell and dispose of the said land. The vendees of the second part hence has shown their willingness to purchase the aforesaid land to which the vendors of the first part has consented. The vendors of the first part after making enquiry about business, personals and statues of vendees of the second part has entered into due discussions and deliberation and agreed to sell the aforesaid land to vendees of the second part on the agreed terms and conditions narrated in the agreement of sale. Where as both the Vendors and Vendees have entered into an agreement of sale dt. 18-12-2011, in respect of the property to an extent of Ac. 5. 36 guntas situated at road no. 12, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. In this context the Vendee have issued three cheques vide nos. 078604, 078605 and 665088 dt. 19th, 20th and 23rd December 2011, respectively, for Rs. 5,00,000,00/- Cr. (Five Crore) of each, thus the total amount of Rs. 15, 00,000,00/- (Fifteen Crore) towards the advance part of sale consideration. Where as the Vendor has presented the above mentioned three cheques to the bankers of the vendees of Nagpur, as per scheduled dates through the bankers of vendors (i. e. ,) Indian Bank, Narayanaguda Branch, Hyderabad for collection, but it is very unfortunate that the Vendee has not honoured the above cheques, hence all the cheques were bounced. Where as the Vendor along with their well-wishers, Arbitrators, and consultants, discussed the matter seriously and felt very bad, about the behaviour and attitude of the vendees and decided to cancel and terminate the agreement of sale dt: 18-12-2011. Where as the Vendee expressed their inability to continue in the said contract and not in a position to fulfill the terms and conditions of their part, including to mobilize and arrangement of funds for purchase of the said scheduled property as per the agreement of sale dt:18-12-2011 and requested the vendors for cancellation of the above agreement of sale with due apologies to the vendors and their general members. Where as the vendors, as per the request and decision of the vendees and as per the instructions of the Arbitrators Consultants, both vendors and vendees unanimously agreed and with full will and consent, cancelled and terminated the agreement of sale dt. 18-12-2011, thus the said agreement of sale has no valid and null and void. IN WITNESS WHERE OFF BOTH THE VENDORS AND THE VENDEES HAVE SIGNED THIS CANCELLED AGREEMENT OF SALE ON THE DAY, MONTH AND YEAR ABOVE MENTIONED IN THE PRESENDE OF THE FOLLOWING WITNESSES: Consultants: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Witnesses: 1. 2. How to cite Cancellation of Agreement of Sale Dated: 18-12-2011, Papers

Organizing and Controlling Gig for Employees- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizing and Controlling Gig Economy for Employees. Answer: Introduction Increased demand of part time job significantly modified the contemporary structure of the world economy. Though the contemporary economy is fully functional around the world, a new economic trend came up in recent time and is developing in significant pace that is gig economy. Gig economy is operating side by side with the contemporary form. Both the employees and employers due to the unique characteristics exploit the benefit of this particular type of economy. The basic characteristics that need to be followed to be characterised under gig economy are irregular schedule, employees investment, platform based arrangement and task based salary (De Stefano 2015). The employees willing to focus on part type job are enabled to earn from this economic structure, whereas the employers with low economic stability can utilise this economy. Investment in the gig economy is significantly less compared to the traditional one. However, this makes it hard for the management of gig economy to con trol their work and workers, as there is no face-to-face interaction between the employees and management. Hence, it is important to reconsider organising and controlling strategies in the gig economy. Literature review It is an all time effort of the management of any organisation to control their workforce for attaining greater control over the organisational performance. A fine example of control can be retention of employees for longer period. Goetsch and Davis (2014) argued that managements control over the employees is essential factor for ensuring organisation performance. Greater control will help in directing workforce and attaining organisational goals. It further helps in estimating the future performance, which in turn will help in reformulating organisational goal. Managements historically incorporated a number of strategies for controlling their workers to attain greater organisational performance. Gandolfi (2013) argued that organisational structure plays vital role in organising and controlling the workflow and performance of the workers. The organisation structure again depends on the need and is modified accordingly with the organisational goal. Hence, it is possible to conclude fr om the article that there is no universal organisational structure, which will be effective for every company in controlling their workers. However, Gandolfi (2013) opposed the view of affectivity of multiple organisational structure and communicated the need of horizontal structure in controlling the workforce in capitalism economy. Horizontal or flat structure of an organisation is composed of two primary layers. Each and every employees working in the organisation have to directly report to the top management of the company. However, Tran and Tian (2013) criticised the efficiency of horizontal structure in case of larger organisation, where vertical structure represents greater applicability. This enables the organisation to empower departmental managers to take necessary decisions for the attaining greater performance and controlling the workers. Bernardin and Wiatrowski (2013) on the other hand prioritised performance appraisal for gaining greater control over the workers. According to the authors, it is important for the management to have understanding of their employee performance. This will help them in identifying the need of guidance of individual worker in the organisation and need of extended control for extracting greater performance. Ahmad and Afthanorhan (2014) supported the need of performance appraisal and communicated the need of performance matrix in organising employees within the organisation. This will help evaluating the input given by the employees and the expenses carried out on the particular employees. The final performance is then acquired from the comparison of the factors incorporated in the matrix. Emanuel et al. (2013) extended the use of performance appraisal and related it with the performance standard. This is considered as one of the important strategy implemented by the organisations to control their employee performance. The management applying this strategy sets target for individual employees working in the organisation that needs to be achieved within certain time frame. The targets are again related with the incentive policies where the employees receive additional benefits for achieving the target set by the organisation. Lastly, Giltinane (2013) related leadership style with the organising and controlling of it employees. According to the employees, need of leadership is beyond motivating individual workers and have significant role in organising and controlling the employees and their contribution to the institution. McCleskey (2014) further proposed the efficiency of situational leadership in controlling the workers. The author argued that the altercative leadership represents the highest level of control over the employees, however fails in motivating them. Hence, according to their findings, the situational leadership can provide greater efficiency as the managers using this leadership can change according to the situational need and organise workers to satisfy the needs. Strategies of controlling work in gig economy Strategies useful in gig economy largely differ from the ones used in the capitalistic economy due to the nature of the both. The primary reason controlling the strategies and altering them for the gig economy is the less formal structure of the organisation where the employees and managers are in less or no face-to-face interaction. Hence, it becomes difficult to control the workforce in the gig economic settings. The strategies effective in gig economy are as follows. The first and foremost strategy as proposed by Gandolfi (2013) is the performance standard strategy. The companies like uber that are operating in the gig economy follow this strategy for stabilising their workflow. This enables them to gain considerable control over their employees. A basic target is set for the employees, which they need to achieve for the full payment of their basic salary. Overshoot achieved is considered as the incentive. This not only helps the company to maintain their performance and standard of products and services, but also works helps them in motivating their employees and drive them for claiming the incentive proposed. Emanuel et al. (2013) further argued that the performance standards for the gig economy is considerably high compared to the capitalistic for gaining better control. However, the overall structure of the strategy remains constant in both the cases. Outsourcing can be another strategy for controlling employees in gig economy. Outsourcing as explained by Milberg and Winkler (2013) is the strategy incorporated by the organisations that distributes the responsibilities of production or services to the third party. The third party is then responsible for controlling the production and services. Incorporation of this strategy will help the companies release their tension of performance measurement, as it will rest with the party concerned. The third party organisations will be responsible for hiring and retaining the employees where as well as managing the same. The only concern of the company is to receive the amount of work required from the outsourced company. This will both reduce the costing and responsibilities while satisfying the need of control. Lastly, implementation of technology in monitoring is another control strategy the companies in gig economy can adopt. As argued by Costa et al. (2013) monitoring using technology will enable the company to keep constant track on the worker. This will help knowing the progress made by the employees and the gap between the achievement and target. The company can then communicate with the employee according to the performance provided. For example, the management of online product Delivery Company can track their employees through GPS tracking devices. They can further use technology in tracking on the progress made by the individual employee and direct them according to the need for attaining success. Costa et al. (2013) further argued that this is required for tracking the gig employees as the contingent economy does not require this as the management has daily interaction possibilities. Critical evaluation of work control in gig economy The gig economies provide a number of advantages and disadvantages for both the employee and the employers. These benefits have the potential to lead either direction of dystopia or utopia. Dystopia a referred by Lobel (2017) is the unpleasant state of the world that leads to distraction of social or cultural stability. Utopia on the other hand is the idea state of the society that brings tranquillity and harmony. Hence, replacement of capitalistic economy into gig economy can possibly bring either of dystopian or utopian state of the society. As argued by Kenney and Zysman (2015), gig economy provides a number of opportunity for the employer that involves lower cost, easy and fast hiring and settlement, employment of individual form different time zone and working with multiple specialised freelances. Hiring a freelancer provides opportunity for the employers to hire staffs for a comparatively low cost that reduces incurred cost. Furthermore, the resources used by the employees in c ase of gig economy are their own and company does not hold the liability to carry the incurred cost in the process. Abraham et al. (2017) further argued that the company working in gig economy can hire their employees from different that ensures twenty-four hours of input that raises the organisational performance. This enables the companies to satisfy the customer need and provide them the necessary service around the clock. This further enables the mixture of different culture and society. These factors can contribute in towards the development of utopian society in the future. Employees on the other hand gains opportunity of flexibility (De Stefano 2015). The employees having issues with time and feasibility to attend office can easily earn through this new economic setup. For example, the potential employees like homemakers, single mother can avail this for sustaining their families. This enables them to chose their time and place of work, hence facilitating them with the opportunity concentrate on childrens development. The flexible workplace and time interests many of the modern generation as they can conduct multiple work at a time and enjoy their lives fulfilling their desires. Hence, this can bring stability in the family structure by providing them the opportunity to nourish both at a single point of time. Hence, this can contribute towards better society expected in an utopian society. Security on the other hand is one of the major issues that have the potential of leading to the dystopian society as this can alter the social balance. The companies in this economic structure loose their control over employees due to the less visibility. Hence, the performance can likely be compromised due to the flexibility. As opined by Haripershad and Johnston (2017), this can give raise to the ethical issue form the employee side as it they can take leverage of the situation and provide less input towards the organisational goal. Moreover, organisational failure can again be related to the social disability as it fails to serve the societal need. Conclusion Conclusion can be drawn from the above that gig economy provides a number of opportunities that can lead to the attainment of utopian society, which can further bring social stability. However, the adverse effect calculated by the scholar can cause ethical dilemma and direct the society towards dystopia. However, the proposed control mechanism can help the organisations in retaining their control over their employees. Retaining the control over employees can help them eradicating the issues identified and stop it from leading towards dystopia. Reference Abraham, K.G., Haltiwanger, J., Sandusky, K. and Spletzer, J.R., 2017, March. Measuring the gig economy: current knowledge and open issues. InIZA Labor Statistics Workshop Changing Structure of Work. Ahmad, S. and Afthanorhan, W.M.A.B.W., 2014. The importance-performance matrix analysis in partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with smartpls 2.0 M3.International Journal of Mathematics Research,3(1), p.1. Bernardin, H.J. and Wiatrowski, M., 2013. Performance appraisal.Psychology and Policing,257. Costa, A., Keane, M.M., Torrens, J.I. and Corry, E., 2013. Building operation and energy performance: Monitoring, analysis and optimisation toolkit.Applied Energy,101, pp.310-316. De Stefano, V., 2015. The Rise of the Just-in-Time Workforce: On-Demand Work, Crowdwork, and Labor Protection in the Gig-Economy.Comp. Lab. L. Pol'y J.,37, p.471. Emanuel, M., Sherry, J., Catapano, S., Cornman, L. and Robinson, P., 2013. In situ performance standard for eddy dissipation rate. InPreprint and Recording, 16th Conf. of Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, Austin, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc(Vol. 11). Gandolfi, F., 2013. Workforce downsizing: Strategies, archetypes, approaches and tactics.Journal of Management Research,13(2), p.67. Giltinane, C.L., 2013. Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard (through 2013),27(41), p.35. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Haripershad, S. and Johnston, K., 2017, July. Impact of the Gig Economy (Uber and AirBnB) in South Africa. InECSM 2017 4th European Conference on Social Media(p. 146). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. Kenney, M. and Zysman, J., 2015, June. Choosing a future in the platform economy: the implications and consequences of digital platforms. InKauffman Foundation New Entrepreneurial Growth Conference(Vol. 156160). Lobel, O., 2017. The Gig Economy The Future of Employment and Labor Law.USFL Rev.,51, p.51. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. Milberg, W. and Winkler, D., 2013.Outsourcing economics: global value chains in capitalist development. Cambridge University Press. Tran, Q. and Tian, Y., 2013. Organizational structure: Influencing factors and impact on a firm.American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,3(2), p.229.

The 5 Kingdoms of Life Essay Example For Students

The 5 Kingdoms of Life Essay MONERAThe Monera Kingdom, though not often recognized by all people, has a profound effect on all of our lives. Its cell structure is simple, containing one or a colony of cells. It has no nucleus, no organelles, a cell membrane, and only certain members of the kingdom have a cell wall. They most often obtain food by photosynthesis or feeding off another dead organism. It can move only through water or the organism that is hosting it. It reproduces not sexual or asexually, but through conjugation and fission. It is environmentally important because of its significance to the food chain. It also produces nitrogen, vitamins, and antibiotics, essential to several other types of life. Some practical examples of this kingdom are bacteria and cyan bacteria. We will write a custom essay on The 5 Kingdoms of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (Smith, E. 1998, Hall, S. 1996, LRC 1997, SER 1998)PROTISTAThe Protista kingdom is another kingdom often overlooked in scientific importance. Its cell structure is somewhat more complex than that of the Monera. Most of its components are single-celled organisms, however some are multi-celled. Its cells consist of a nucleus, organelles, vacuole, cell membrane, and some of them also contain a cell wall. It uses many intricate processes to obtain food, such as pseudopodium, photosynthesis, cilia, flagella, as well as photosynthesis. It moves by means of cilia, flagella, and pseudopodium. It can reproduce by conjugation, fission, asexual, and sexual means. In the environment, it produces much the way plants do, while consuming much the way animal do. It is important to its habitat because it stabilizes the food chain, is a human food source, and produces oxygen. Some common protista are plankton, algae, and the amoeba. (Smith, E. 1998, Hall, S. 1996, Southron, F. 1996)FUNGIAfter careful examination, you will realize that the fungi kingdom is more than just mushrooms. Most of its organisms are single-celled, with some exceptions being multi-cellular. This group has a nucleus, organelles, a cell membrane, as well as a cell wall present in all fungi that is absent from the previously mentioned kingdoms. It obtains food in majority from absorbs ion, partnership, and leeching from decaying organisms. Its only movement is that of the host; which it is connected to. They reproduce by spore, as well as by asexual budding. They are helpful because they produce antibiotics and also help in fermentation. Some organisms that are members of the fungi kingdom are mushrooms, molds, mildews, and yeast. (Smith, E. , 1998, Hall, S. 1996, Lista, D. 1998)PLANTAEThe planate (more commonly plant) kingdom holds some interesting properties. Unlike the previously mentioned kingdoms, the planate consists only of multi-celled organisms. All members of the group known as planate contain a nucleus, organelles, cell membrane, cell wall, as well as a vacuole. Their major source of food comes from the process of photosynthesis. Its only movement is in growth, where it gravitates toward the most prominent light source. It reproduces through a complex process of Propagation, which consists of grafting, budding, cutting, and layering. It is used in its envierment for a food source as well as a medicine. Angiosperms, gymnosperms, mosses, and ferns all call the planate kingdom their kingdom.( Smith, E., 1998, Hall, S. , 1996, USDA, 1999)ANIMALIAWe finally reach the kingdom which we as human beings call home, the kingdom more commonly known as the animal kingdom. The Animalia and Planate kingdoms are the only two which consist exclusively of multi-celled organisms. The cells of a member of the animalia kingdom consist of a nucleus, organelles, cell membrane, as well as the vacuole. They obtain food mainly from preying on another species or consuming a previously deceased organism. .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .postImageUrl , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:hover , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:visited , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:active { border:0!important; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:active , .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75 .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua566dc327a856ef72ee0f7fbdb98cc75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Post Plowden Legacy Essay They have muscular movement through water, air, and soil. Its main role in the envierment is consumers. However, they also provide an important food source for other members of its kingdom. Some Animalia kingdom members are mammals, amphibians, sponges, and worms. (Smith, E., 1998, Hall, S., ,1996

Olfactory System - Sense of Smell

Olfactory System - Sense of Smell The olfactory system is responsible for our sense of smell. This sense, also known as olfaction, is one of our five main senses and involves the detection and identification of molecules in the air. Once detected by sensory organs, nerve signals are sent to the brain where the signals are processed. Our sense of smell is closely linked our sense of taste as both rely on the perception of molecules. It is our sense of smell that allows us to detect the flavors in the foods we eat. Olfaction is one of our most powerful senses. Our sense of smell can ignite memories as well as influence our mood and behavior. Olfactory System Structures   Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator / Creative Commons / Wikimedia Commons Our sense of smell is a complex process that depends on sensory organs, nerves, and the brain. Structures of the olfactory system include: Nose - opening containing nasal passages that allows outside air to flow into the nasal cavity. Also a component of the respiratory system, it humidifies, filters, and warms the air inside the nose.Nasal cavity - cavity divided by the nasal septum into left and right passages. It is lined with mucosa.Olfactory epithelium - specialized type of epithelial tissue in nasal cavities that contains olfactory nerve cells and receptor nerve cells. These cells send impulses to the olfactory bulb.Cribriform plate - a porous extension of the ethmoid bone, which separates the nasal cavity from the brain. Olfactory nerve fibers extend through the holes in the cribriform to reach the olfactory bulbs.Olfactory nerve - nerve (first cranial nerve) involved in olfaction. Olfactory nerve fibers extend from the mucous membrane, through the cribriform plate, to the olfactory bulbs.Olfactory bulbs - bulb-shaped structures in the forebrain where olfactory nerves end and the olfactory tract begins.Olfactory tract - band of nerve fibers that extend from each olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the brain. Olfactory cortex - area of the cerebral cortex that processes information about odors and receives nerve signals from the olfactory bulbs. Our Sense of Smell Our sense of smell works by the detection of odors. Olfactory epithelium located in the nose contains millions of chemical receptors that detect odors. When we sniff, chemicals in the air are dissolved in mucus. Odor receptor neurons in olfactory epithelium detect these odors and send the signals on to the olfactory bulbs. These signals are then sent along olfactory tracts to the olfactory cortex of the brain. The olfactory cortex is vital for the processing and perception of odor. It is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, which is involved in organizing sensory input. The olfactory cortex is also a component of the limbic system. This system is involved in the processing of our emotions, survival instincts, and memory formation. The olfactory cortex has connections with other limbic system structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The amygdala is involved in forming emotional responses (particularly fear responses) and memories, the hippocampus indexes and stores memories, and the hypothalamus regulates emotional responses. It is the limbic system that connects senses, such as odors, to our memories and emotions. Sense of Smell and Emotions The connection between our sense of smell and emotions is unlike that of the other senses because olfactory system nerves connect directly to brain structures of the limbic system. Odors can trigger both positive and negative emotions as aromas are associated with specific memories. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that the emotional expressions of others can influence our olfactory sense. This is due to activity of an area of the brain known as the piriform cortex which is activated prior to odor sensation. The piriform cortex processes visual information and creates an expectation that a particular fragrance will smell pleasant or unpleasant. Therefore, when we see a person with a disgusted facial expression before sensing an odor, there is an expectation that the odor is unpleasant. This expectation influences how we perceive the odor. Odor Pathways Odors are detected through two pathways. The first is the orthonasal pathway which involves odors that are sniffed in through the nose. The second is the retronasal pathway which is a pathway that connects the top of the throat to the nasal cavity. In the orthonasal pathway, odors that enter the nasal passages and are detected by chemical receptors in the nose. The retronasal pathway involves aromas that are contained within the foods we eat. As we chew food, odors are released that travel through the retronasal pathway connecting the throat to the nasal cavity. Once in the nasal cavity, these chemicals are detected by olfactory receptor cells in the nose. Should the retronasal pathway become blocked, the aromas in foods we eat can not reach odor detecting cells in the nose. As such, the flavors in the food can not be detected. This often happens when a person has a cold or sinus infection. Smell Disorders Individuals with smell disorders have difficulty detecting or perceiving odors. These difficulties may result from factors such as smoking, aging, upper respiratory infection, head injury, and exposure to chemicals or radiation. Anosmia is a condition defined by the inability to detect odors. Other types of smell defects include parosmia (a distorted perception of odors) and phantosmia (odors are hallucinated). Hyposmia, the diminished sense of smell, is also linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease. Sources: Merkelt, Judith. How the Emotions of Others Influence Our Olfactory Sense. Neuroscience News, 24 Aug. 2017, neurosciencenews.com/olfaction-emotion-7368/. Sarafoleanu, C, et al. The Importance of the Olfactory Sense in the Human Behavior and Evolution. J Med Life, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 15 Apr. 2009, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018978/. Smell Disorders. National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 16 Jan. 2018, www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders.

28 Serious Quotes From British Comedian Charlie Chaplin

28 Serious Quotes From British Comedian Charlie Chaplin Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) became a star well before movies had sound. But his talent to turn the tragedies of everyday people into epic comedies has made him immortal on the silver screen as he played everything from a tramp to a buffoon dictator. The following quotes consist of Chaplins observations on his life, career, and the study of human nature. Charlie Chaplin on Laughter and a Positive Outlook A day without laughter is a day wasted.To truly laugh, you must be able to take your pain, and play with it!Youll never find a rainbow if youre looking down.Failure is unimportant. It takes courage to make a fool of yourself. On Despair and Tragedy Despair is a narcotic. It lulls the mind into indifference.I always like walking in the rain, so no one can see me crying.Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot.Nothing is permanent in this wicked world, not even our troubles.The saddest thing I can imagine is to get used to luxury.We might as well die as to go on living like this. Chaplins Comedy and Career All I need to make a comedy is a park, a  policeman, and a pretty girl.I dont believe that the public knows what it wants; this is the conclusion that I have drawn from my career.I went into the business for the money, and the art grew out of it. If people are disillusioned by that remark, I cant help it. Its the truth.The basic essential of a great actor is that he loves himself in acting.Imagination means nothing without doing.Why should poetry have to make sense? On Human Nature A mans true character comes out when hes drunk.I am at peace with God. My conflict is with Man.I am for people. I cant help it.We think too much and feel too little.What do you want a meaning for? Life is a desire, not a meaning.We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each others happiness, not by each others misery. On Beauty and Understanding I do not have much patience with a thing of beauty that must be explained to be understood.If it does need additional interpretation by someone other than the creator, then I question whether it has fulfilled its purpose. On Politics I remain just one thing, and one thing only, and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician.The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.Id sooner be called a successful crook than a destitute monarch.

Anti-bias Approaches Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anti-bias Approaches - Coursework Example A teacher must, for this reason, establish an anti-bias practice by coming up with follow-up platforms that can keep in check the cumulative side effects of any biased misconception. In an anti-bias classroom, children, must be taught to be proud of themselves and their families, to respect human differences, to recognize bias, and speak out what they deem right. A foundation for essential optimistic work about the future of our children is of great importance. Anti-bias teaching materials ensure and are founded on the principle that all children deserve to develop and to his or her full potential without fear of discrimination (Kumagai, 2012). In an anti-bias, class teachers are capable of examining and transforming student’s understanding of their lives and also do self-reflective work to understand their lives more profoundly (Koskei & Schafer, 2008). Principles of anti-bias works in education are based on six proposals. The first proposal states that all children and families have a sense of belonging and experience affirmation of their identities and cultural ways of being (Irilli, 2011). The second premise is that children have access to and participate in education they need to become successful and contributing citizens of their respective countries. The third proposal is based on the fact that education process should involve all members of the program or an institution in a joyful learning process. The other premise of the principle of anti-bias works in education states that children and adults know how to work together respectfully and easily in diverse and inclusive environment (Book, 2007). The fifth proposal is due to the fact all children have a right to protection from harmful influences, abuse, and exploitation.

Motivation Bulletin Board Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation Bulletin Board Post - Assignment Example The driven-reduction theory can apply to my guilt over leaving my homework too late, or the stress of knowing how much I have been putting off and how much I will have to do to catch up. Regardless of which, these feelings increase as I put off what I have to do, and what should have been done days ago. Not wanting to feel guilty or stressed, I feel the need to actually do the tasks to deplete these feelings. The less that I want to experience these feelings, the more I get done in regard to school and homework. The longer I can put off experiencing these emotions, the more willing I am to get work done. The optimal arousal theory relates to the success that I want to feel as a student. When I have my work done and I am feeling good about where I am with school, then I have reached my optimal level. I become inspired to do my best so that I may inherently feel that I have indeed done the best of my abilities. It is a wonderful feeling of accomplishment when I focus hours on end to finish my work, and actually finish my work. The incentive theory, in regards to my school situation, allows me to reward myself for getting good grades on tests or homework, or for completing projects well before they are due. When I offer myself an award prior to my doing something, I feel more eager to complete the task and obtain that treat. Once I realized that I was more anxious to get something done knowing that something better was waiting for me, I would focus more on the task at hand. Such rewards would vary from simply taking a break or going out to the movies with friends. I would treat myself for a job well

Standard of Care Essay Example for Free

Standard of Care Essay Case Study: Sandra, a 45-year old female, was brought into the emergency room by her friends with a severe head wound. According to her friends, Sandra tripped and fell after consuming several alcoholic drinks. When she arrived at the hospital she was incoherent and the hospital staff was not able to contact her next of kin. Due to the severity of her wounds, the physician chose to begin medical procedures. 1. Define â€Å"standard of care.† How would appropriate â€Å"standard of care† be determined in this case? Standard of care is a diagnostic and treatment process that a clinician should follow for a certain type of patient, illness, or clinical circumstances. The appropriate standard of care to this patient would be to treat Sandra as in any other patient would be treated for a head injury. Medical staff should not treat her any different because she had been consuming alcohol. 2. What is the difference between informed and implied consent? Was the consent in this case implied, informed, or neither? Explain your response. With informed consent, this means that the individual is aware of exactly what they are getting into. This usually comes up in medical settings, where before a person agrees to a procedure they must know the benefits and dangers. Another element of informed consent is that the person must be mentally capable of consenting. For example, giving a severely intoxicated individual a list of benefits and dangers doesnt really inform him of anything. Implied consent is when you dont affirmatively express consent verbally or in writing, but your behavior indicates your consent. For example, if a nurse comes in the room and asks if it is okay to take your blood pressure, and you raise your arm to her, you are consenting to the procedure. In this case, Sandra was under implied consent. The patient was incoherent and could not verbally consent to treatment and be informed of any proceedings. 3. Using the internet, research the Patient Care Partnership. Identify and explain three rights that the patient has according to the Patient Care Partnership. The Patient Care Partnership replaced the AHAs Patients Bill of Rights. This plain language brochure informs patients about what they should expect during their hospital stay with regard to their rights and responsibilities. a. High Quality Hospital Care. It is a responsibility of a healthcare location  to provider care you need with skill, compassion, and respect. The patient has the right to tell the care givers if you have any concerns about your care or if you have any pain. You have the right to know the identity of doctors, nurses, and others involved in your care. You also share the right to know whether they are students, residents, or trainees. b. Clean and safe environment. A health care facility uses special policies and procedures to avoid mistakes in patient care and keep the patient free from abuse and neglect. c. Patient confidentiality.There are state and federal laws that protect the patient’s information from being released to anybody outside of the patient’s direct care. 4. Using the internet, research the Good Samaritan Laws in your state. Summarize it and explain if it would apply to this case. Under the State of Nebraska, the Good Samaritan Law states, no person who renders emergency care at the scene of an accident or other emergency gratuitously, shall be held liable for any civil damages as a result of any act or omission by such person in rendering the emergency care or as a result of any act or failure to act to provide or arrange for medical treatment or care for the injured person. The Good Samaritan law does not apply to this case because the patient was not at the scene of an accident, but at the hospital. When the patient is on hospital or clinic property, there are other liabilities that come into play (http://www.cprinstructor.com/NE-GS.htm). 5. Define the terms below and give an example of how each of these principles should be used in this case: Respect: respect is to show that person attention and to regard the person’s feelings. Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Dignity: the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect. In the case presented, empathy is shown to the patient by how you are reacting around the patient. You do not want to make fast movements, unless emergency is required, because the patient could awaken at any moment and be frightened. You show the patient respect and dignity by treating her as a patient. The medical staff should not treat her bad and judge her as an alcoholic. The medical staff is there to treat the patient and not to judge or make the patient uncomfortable for any reason.

The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage Essay -- American History

The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage The campaign developed at that time, as it was then the rights of women began to improve. Though women were still thought of as second-class citizens, during the 1870’s the women’s suffrage became a mass movement. Prior to 1870, there were laws that meant that women were unable to keep any of their earnings once they married. That also meant that all her possessions belonged to her husband as well. In 1870, the Married Women’s Property Act meant that women were allowed to keep  £200 of their earnings. Women such as Caroline Norton are what helped the campaign develop. After a court found that she was innocent of adultery, Caroline Norton’s husband left her and took their children, taking with him her inheritance. Because of the laws at that time, she had no real control over whether she was permitted to see her children, even when one of her sons died. She fought this, even though British law was against her as she was technically the property of her husband. She battled this until in 1873 the law was changed so that all women could see their children if they were divorced from their husband. It was because laws such as this were changed that others began to believe that it was possible to gain the women’s suffrage. Legal steps were then being taken to better the position of women, legal inequalities that faced women were beginning to then balance out. Another cause to why the women’s suffrage developed was because of economical reasons. In the late 1800’s, women were paid half, and sometimes less than half, what men were in the same jobs. For example, in the 1880s in domestic service,... ... people’s views on them, it was not the only factor that gave them the franchise. During the war, there was the Coalition Government and members of this were pro-women’s suffrage. In 1917, the Prime Minister Sir Asquith – who was anti-women’s suffrage – resigned. The new PM was Lloyd George, who was actually sympathetic to women receiving the vote. The fact that women had done so much during the war meant that passing the bill was easier that it was before the war. It would have been even unfair if women had done so much during the war, yet they had still not gotten the vote. But there were men that were less qualified and had the vote. This double standard was also a reason. So though the war effort played a part in them receiving the vote, it was not the only reason why women were able to vote once the war had ended.

Childhood Obesity Essay

Introduction Obesity is one of the important contributing factors to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, depression and several forms of cancer [Williams, 2006]. Obesity is often established in adolescence, [Williams, 2006] examined the effect of child and adolescence high Body Mass Index (BMI) on the prospect of being overweight at 21 and reported that 40% of those who were overweight at 21 could be identified by age of 7, another 25% were identifiable by the time they were 15.   Genetic, familial, socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral and environmental factors have been identified as contributors to increasing prevalence of overweight in the population. Of these, genetics is the only factor, which for the time being is not possible to alter; a known genetic disposition towards overweight however provides more reason to try to control the factors that fall under human control. Parents have an important role in ensuring that their children adopt good eating and physical activity habits from the very beginning to prevent obesity in their children.   Parents have to provide the critical development phase support, beginning before birth and continuing through adolescence.   They are the key in ensuring that their children do not develop habits contributing to overweight and obesity. Family meals, balanced diet, support in getting adequate physical work and exercise and a watchful eye to ensure that their children do not acquire sedentary habits will result in reduced risk of overweight in children and adolescents. Unfortunately economic pressures, working parents, broken families and other social problems means that parents cannot exercise the kind of control required to ensure control of the problem through parental control and guidance.   Another problem is that children and adolescents spend most of their time away from home, in schools. The role school-based approaches can play in preventing and controlling obesity, therefore, acquires immense importance. Social scientists, physicians, schoolteachers, administrators, and parents have long recognized this role. The role schools have played in contributing to the overweight and obesity problem in school age children and adolescents has been the subject of considerable research. Many researchers have developed new school-based approaches and analyzed the effectiveness of the approaches for the prevention and control of obesity. Body Mass Index (BMI) In estimating the overweight and obesity problem, we ideally need to measure the percentage body fat of the subject; however this is an impractical measure. A much more convenient measure of Body mass Index (BMI) is widely used for determining if the person meets the desirable body/mass ratio. The body mass index (BMI) is defined as: BMI= (weight/height2) Where weight is measured in kg and height is specified in meters. For adult population, the cut off point for overweight is taken as 25 kg/m2 while people with BMI of 30  kg/m2 or over are considered obese.   The body mass index among children and adolescents varies significantly with age. [Cole et al, 2000] report the result of their research based on international data consisting of 97,876 males and 94,851 females from birth to 25  years of age from 6 countries including United States. They used this statistical data to tabulate boundary values for children up to 18 years of age. International cut off points for body mass index for overweight and obesity by sex between 2  and 18  years [Cole, 2000] Age (years) Body mass index 25  kg/m2    Body mass index 30  kg/m2 Males Females Males Females    2 18.4 18.0    20.1 20.1 4 17.6 17.3    19.3 19.1 6 17.6 17.3    19.8 19.7 8 18.4 18.3    21.6 21.6 10 19.8 19.9    24.0 24.1 12 21.2 21.7    26.0 26.7 14 22.6 23.3    27.6 28.6 16 23.9 24.4    28.9 29.4 18 25 25    30 30 Subgroups at Increased Risk of Overweight [Sherwood et al, 2004] investigated the children at increased risk of obesity and reported that while childhood obesity is present across all demographic and social classes; however, African American girls were at a higher risk. The data analyses showed that African-American girls of age group 6-11 years of age were almost twice more likely to be overweight. In this age group 22.2% of African- American girls were over weight compared 11.6 % white Americans. Among the adolescents (11-19 years age group), 26.6% African-American girls were overweight while 12.4% white girls were considered overweight. [Sherwood et al, 2004] believe that African–American girls do not face the same kind of social pressure about their weight as their white counterparts. Black American girls face less negative attitudes about overweight and are therefore less likely to be concerned about watching their weight [Kumanyika et al, 1993]. Correct Age for Overweight Intervention in Schools A 5-year British schools-based research project carried out by [Wardle et al, 2006] highlighted the need to target obesity prevention measures to

The Life of Alfred Binet

On July 8, 1857, Alfred Binet was born in Nice, France. He took a different tack than most psychologists of his day: he was interested in the workings of the normal mind rather than the pathology of mental illness. He wanted to find a way to measure the ability to think and reason, apart from education in any particular field (PBS, 1998). Over time, Binet became one of the most prominent psychologists in French history. After receiving his formal education in Nice and Paris, Binet became a lawyer. However, this profession did not please him. He became fascinated with the work of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, who was studying hypnosis. In 1878, he abandoned his law career and devoted himself to medical and scientific studies at the Salpà ªtriere Hospital in Paris, where Charcot was working. In 1884, Alfred married Laure Balbiani. Her father, E.G. Balbiani, was an embryologist at the College de France. Alfred was given the opportunity to work in his lab where his interest changed from comparative psychology to natural science. Research for his doctorate focused on the behavior, physiology, histology and anatomy of insects (Wolfe, 1973). While working in Dr. Balbiani†s lab, Binet wrote Animal Magnetism. Binet†s next area of interest was in the field of child psychology. He developed and tried a wide range of tests and puzzles on his own daughters Madeleine and Alice. It was through this study of his daughters that he began to discover the importance of attention span on the development of adult intelligence. It was at this point that he came to realize that individual differences had to be systematically explored before one could determine laws which would apply to all people (Pollack, 1995). Binet went on to became director of the Laboratory of Physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne in Paris. While at the Sorbonne, he founded the first French journal devoted to psychology, L†Annee Psychologique. Binet used the journal to publish the results of his research studies. The journal is still in circulation. In 1900, Binet and Ferdinand Buisson established, La Societe Libre Pour L†Etude Psychologique de L†Enfant (The Free Society for the Psychological Study of Children), a Paris laboratory for child study and experimental teaching. It was later renamed La Societe Alfred Binet et Thedore Simon. The laboratory†s concerns dealt with practical problems in the school setting. Parisian school authorities asked Binet to develop a method to identify children who were unable to learn at a normal rate. He went on to develop a method that could measure the intelligence of every child as dull, bright, or normal (Newland, 1998). Binet determined that complex problems, especially those involving abstract thinking, were best for separating the bright and dull students. Since problem-solving ability grows rapidly during childhood, Binet decided to make an age scale of intelligence. He chose tasks for each age level that could be performed by most youngsters of that age but that could not be done by the majority of children a year younger. In 1905, Binet and Theodore Simon published a scale of intelligence for children from 3 to 13. Binet hoped his test would be used to improve children†s education, but he also feared it would be used to label children and limit their opportunities (Myers, 1981). Since 1905, several adaptations and revisions of the Binet-Simon scales have been published all around the world. On October 18, 1911, while revising intelligence scales, he died. Despite his great achievements, he was never fully appreciated, especially by the French. His work was diverse, showing interest in the person as a whole. While Binet never provided any firm theories, his work was often the precursor of more detailed and profound research.

Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essays

Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essays Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essay Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essay Essay Topic: Love Medicine The Explanation of Love and Monogamy Among Men Marcel Dante Gearing Ivy Tech Community College On the day of November twenty-seventh, Time Magazine released an article proclaiming to have found the source of human monogamy and love. With a concentration on men, Mall Salivate, the author, proposed that the chemical extinction Is responsible for modern day love. extinction a chemical that Is Influential In the maternal connection created between mother and child, therefore bonding the two emotionally. Time magazine also states that extinction can also make romantic ratters look more attractive than strangers to men, even if both are objectively equally good looking. According to Time Magazines Maim Salivate, monogamy has been a biological mystery for years. Including statistics that project the belief that only 3 percent of mammals are monogamous, and this percentage is weighted by the understanding that simply, males can produce much more offspring by mating with more than one female. To reiterate and clarify the newfound discovery of extinctions abilities, Once men receive extinction, the attractiveness of the partner increases compared to the attractiveness value recorded for other females, says Herculean. Time magazine then states, And the men were not aware that they behaved differently on extinction; in fact, they could not reliably distinguish between it and placebo. They didnt feel high or any craving ? at least as measured by their ratings of their feelings in both conditions. In conclusion of Time Magazines article, Maim Salivate writes that extinction can create unconscious biases towards a personal partner, which in turn would support monogamy and influence more intimate emotional connections. Not only Is extinction lived to develop rose colored glasses, but It also may unconsciously deterring Interest In other potential mates. In the recent article written by Mall Salivate from Time Magazine, proper scientific terminology was applied frequently and eff ectively. Mamas objective seemed to be the assessment of why men committed to monogamy and what could be the source of faithfulness. An article written by Rene Herculean titled, The Promises and Perils of Extinction supports and ferrules these claims with actual research and live testing. The title of the article Itself was not misleading, but It does seem to be order In a particularly noticeable fashion. Rather than strictly stating the topic of the article through the title, it portrayed a more subjective, almost defensive feel. In inquisitive and exciting idea would set the tone for the facts. If the article was designed appeal to the emotional turmoil of those who have suffered from failed monogamy attempts it would cause the readers to become more invested. While becoming anxious for an answer to male faithfulness, readers would then be presented with the scientific results and facts. Using this style of writing, creates motional uproar, but then soothes and calms readers with an answer to their problems. Personally, my believe is that the author of this article presented and informed us readers clearly and intentionally. In regards to the title of the piece, it created some pessimistic assumptions prior to reading this article. Overall, Maim Salivate performed well and informed me of something that I had yet to come across in the world in neuroscience and biology. In conclusion, my approach to writing this article would have been more emotionally involved than what Maim had initiated. My reasoning behind this is my understanding that emotional reading revoke feelings from the past, which in turn gives my article a reservation in the minds of my readers. Also with my version, the title would fit smoothly into the representation of the info I displayed. Within Mamas article, the fact that kissing, and moments of intimacy created extinction inside the brain of males was presented. With this information people that have read this will be more physically involved with their male partner in order to further ensure monogamy. In the future, those that are wholeheartedly convinced by Time Magazines article, How Extinction Makes Men (Almost) Monogamous, will indeed increasingly enforce intimacy within their relationships. I expect people to use the lack of extinction and intimacy to rid themselves of a partner they no longer wish to be involved with. Decreasing the amount of kissing, physical arousal, and intimacy will cause the male partner to receive less extinction, therefore creating an opening for polygamy. RESOURCES Lay Article: How Extinction Makes Men (Almost) Monogamous, Maim Salivate, Time Magazine Article, Novo. 27, 2013 Peer-Reviewed Article: The Promise and Perils of Extinction, Rene Herculean, Article, September, 2012 Lay Article What happens when a man finds the one? His brain gets washed in extinction. The hormone and brain chemical best known for its role in love ? its also responsible for helping infants bond to their mothers ? can also make romantic partners look more attractive than strangers to men, even if both are objectively equally good looking. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study included 40 young men, all of whom had been in a relationship for at least six months and reported being passionately in love with their partners. While in a brain scanner, they either inhaled extinction or placebo via nasal spray while they viewed pictures of either their partners, women they knew but were not dating or women they had never met. The pictures were matched so that comparison women had been rated by independent observers as being equally attractive as the partners. In the men who were given extinction, the pleasure and desire regions of their brains lit up when they saw pictures of the women they loved ? but not when they looked at men knew, but not as strongly as by the pictures of their loved ones, suggesting that it made their partners more desirable. Its really intriguing, says Larry Young, professor of psychiatry at Emory University, in Atlanta, who was not associated with the research. The study is one of the first to show a role for the hormone in human monogamy (prior research revealed similar effects in other mammals). How monogamy works has long been a biological mystery. Sexual monogamy in humans is potentially costly for males, says lead author Dry. Rene Herculean, professor of psychiatry at the University of Bonn in Germany, explaining that he and his team wanted to understand some of the chemical contributors to the practice. Only 3% of mammals are monogamous, and that small proportion likely reflects the fact that from a simple b iological perspective, it makes little sense for males who could produce far more offspring by mating with multiple females. Once men receive extinction, the attractiveness of the partner increases compared to the attractiveness value recorded for other females, says Herculean. And the men were not aware that they behaved differently on extinction; in fact, they could not reliably distinguish between it and placebo. They didnt feel high or any craving ? at least as measured by their ratings of their feelings in both conditions. It really is very subtle, says Young, noting that the size of the difference between extinction and placebo was small. Whether this is because intranasal extinction doesnt have a powerful effect on the brain or because extinction typically changes behavior without our conscious awareness is not known. What is clear, however, is that extinction can create unconscious biases in favor of a partner, possibly providing part of the biological mechanism behind monogamy. A prior study by the same researchers, in fact, found that men in monogamous relationships who were given extinction actually kept a rater physical distance from an attractive research associate, compared with single men. Young suggests that extinction may actually have a dual effect ? by not only making partners more attractive but also actively deterring interest in other potential mates. He notes that in the monogamous prairie voles he studies, males that have a pair bond can actually be hostile to other females. They develop a very strong preference for the partner and slight aggression towards those who are not their partners, he says. The fact that these biases are only seen in men when under the influence of extinction ? not placebo ? may even hold lessons for those who want to stay faithful. Think about when extinction is released, says Herculean, noting that this occurs during kissing, hugging, orgasm and other intimate moments. The more such moments you have, the more extinction is released in the body. And, says Young, if you combine this with other rewarding experiences that also get the reward system going ? such as doing new and challenging things together ? you can strengthen your connection to each other. Seems like extinction might be the perfect ingredient for a fragrance called Faithful. Peer Review Article NEUROSCIENCE The Promise and Perils of Extinction Is extinction the next revolution in psychiatric medicine?or an overjoyed hormone desperation of patients and families living with disruptive disorders day in, day out. From bonding to bedside The hypothalamus, an evolutionarily ancient part of the mammalian brain, makes Kyoto- chin. Released into the bloodstream by the nearby pituitary gland, it signals the uterus to contract during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk for nursing. The hormone was the first peptide to be synthesized in the laboratory, a feat that earned American biochemist Vincent du Vignette the 1955 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Given the hormones known roles, researchers soon wondered whether it also played a role in reproductive behavior. In the late sass and early sass, work with rats and sheep found that extinction enhances mother-infant bonding. In the ass, Carter and others established its role in fostering pair bonding in prairie voles. Unlike most rodents, these furry inhabitants of the North American plains form lifelong bonds and share the work of raising offspring (although trysts are not uncommon). In 2000, Larry Young and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta reported that genetically engine- neared mice lacking extinction are unable to recognize other individuals, pointing to an even broader role for the hormone in Monroe- productive social behavior. Although much of this work has been written into textbooks, the more recent ox- tocsin research in humans has frequently found its way into tabloids. In one of the first eye-catching studies, neurotransmitters Ernst Fear of the University of Zurich in Sit- garland and colleagues gave extinction nasal spray or a saline spray placebo to university students before a game in which they had to decide how much money to entrust to a stranger. (The more money a player entrusts, the larger the potential gains and potential losses. ) Those who got extinction were more trusting, the researchers reported in Nature in 2005. A torrent of studies followed, sue- getting that extinction not only increases trust and cooperation, but also boosts social per- captivities, such as face recognition and the ability to read whats on someones mind from the look in their eyes. Few substances produced by the human body have inspired as much hoopla as extinction. Recent newspaper articles have credited this hormone with promoting the kind of team- work that wins World Cup soccer champion- ships and suggested that supplements of the peptide could have prevented the dalliances and subsequent downfall of a certain high- ranking U. S intelligence official. Although the breathless media coverage often goes too far, it reflects a genuine and infectious excitement among many scientists about the hormones role in social behavior. First stud- led by biologists for its role in childbirth and lactation, extinction has more recently cap- titivated neuroscience and psychologists who have found that it can promote trust and cooperation and make people more attuned to social cues. Now psychiatrists have caught Kyoto- chin fever. Dozens of clinical trials are under way, or will be soon, to investigate the horn- ones potential benefits for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The interest isnt hard to understand. Many psychiatric con- editions have social symptoms, such as the characteristic lack of empathy in autism, the attachment anxiety of borderline personality disorder, and the paranoia of schizophrenia. Yet no drugs currently approved for psychiatry- rice use directly target social behavior. For autism in particular, hopes for Kyoto- chin run high. A large trial of the hormone on 300 affected parents of autistic children have persuaded physicians to prescribe Kyoto- chin nasal spray, which can be obtained from compounding pharmacies. At first glance, extinction might seem like just what the doctor should be ordering. But as researchers have continued to explore the hormones effect on human behavior, a darker side has emerged. Extinction seems to promote aggression or other antisocial behavior in some circumstances. Its effects also appear to vary depending on a persons genetic makeup and psychological status. And no one knows what long-term Kyoto- chin treatment does to the developing human brain. Disconcertingly, one recent study found that male voles treated for several weeks with extinction nasal spray around the time of adolescence later exhibited impaired social bonding with females. The more we know, the more complicated its getting, says Sue Carter, a behavioral neuroscience- monologist and a pioneer of research on ox- tocsins role in social behavior now based at ART International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. What worries me, and should worry others, is that so much of the basic background is missing ?SUE CARTER, ART INTERNATIONAL Carter is particularly worried about giving extinction to children before more is known about the hormones developmental effects. l think there probably is a place for Kyoto- chin in several aspects of medicine, she says. But what worries me, and should worry tooth- errs, is that so much of the basic background is missing. At the same time, those leading the trio- alas say that the scientific rationale for using extinction is already strong enough, especially given the lack of better options. This could be the first drug to address the core sump- toms of autism, says Geraldine Dawson, a opalescent and child clinical psychology- gist and chief science officer of Autism Speaks, which has funded some of the early pilot studies. These findings quickly led to speculation about clinical applications. The f iris pub- listed study in which extinction was given to autistic children appeared online in Biology- cal Psychiatry in late 2009. In an experiment conducted by Adam Estella, a clinical psychologist at the University of Sydney in Australia, and colleagues, 16 autistic boys between 12 and 19 years old received a sin- glee dose of extinction nasal spray or a placebo in one session, and the alternative in another. Neither the boys nor the researchers evaluate- inning them knew which time they gotten the hormone. ) On extinction, the boys performed better on a common test of social cognition that involves looking at photographs of faces cropped to show Just the eyes and report- inning what emotion the person is most likely experiencing. The improvement was modest: from about 45% to 49% correct on average. People without autism typically get more than 70% correct. Studies in adults with autism have also demonstrated improvements on standard lab tests of social cognition. But the vast majority of published work on extinction to date as looked at the effects of a single dose over the course of an hour or so in the lab. The real question is whether the hormone can restore normal behavior in real life. To find out, Estella and others are conducting trials in which people with autism take daily sniffs of extinction for seven- real weeks or months. These pilot studies are in various stages and several researchers told Science that its too soon to talk about the findings in detail. Interesting things are coming out of these studies, Estella says makes us think this is a cure for autism. get under way this spring should help clarify things. It will be led y psychiatrist Linear Sickish at the University of North Car- Olin (UNC), Chapel Hill, who A far larger trial scheduled to received a $12. 6 million Autism Centers of Excellence grant from the National Institutes of Health in September for this trial. Her team plans to enroll 300 autistic children between the ages of 3 and 17, half of whom will receive extinction nasal spray twice daily for 6 months in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, and all of whom will receive the hormone for 6 months in a subsequent open-label extent- Soon of the trial. Researchers will look for any adverse side effects and monitor the kids with arioso checklist measures of social behavior filled out by a clinician or parent. Autism is hardly the only disease being investigated. Out of 44 neuropsychiatry trio- alas of extinction listed on ecclesiastical. Ova, roughly three-quarters are for other disorders. Pilot studies in people with schizophrenia, who often suffer from paranoia and difficulty reading social cues, suggest that extinction can reduce psychotic symptoms and improve social cognition. The benefits are modest, but encouraging, says Court Petersen, a psychic- trust and behavioral neurologists at UNC Chapel Hill. Ephedrines work in the sass established the role of extinction in mother-infant bond- inning, but more recently his interest has turned to the hormones clinical potential. One of the real deficits in psychiatry research is a complete lack of appreciation of evolution, Petersen says. The human brain evolved to evaluate and maneuver in very complex social environments. Petersen argues that the role of the brains social circuitry in sys- psychopathology is too often ignored. And thats what makes extinction so exciting in his view. One of the really cool things about extinction is that it probably plays a central role in the social brain, he says. Lee published study on the long- term behave- oral effects of multiple doses of extinction in developing animals. It seemed to me that we were really skipping a step. From work she did as a postdoctoral feel- low with Carter, Bales knew that even a sin- glee dose of extinction can have long-lasting effects. In a series of studies published in the sass, they found that p rairie vole pups treated with extinction on the day of birth exhibited abnormal pair bonding and parental behavior as adults. The effects were messy? treated animals grew up to be more social or less social than normal, depending on their sex and the dose they received. The clearest message was that any exposure to extinction can cause long-term behavioral and neuron- endocrine effects, Bales says. In one study, Bales found that males given a single dose of extinction at birth had reproductive difficulties as adults: They deposited sperm in the female reproductive tract in only 50% of mating attempts, for example. More recently, Bales and colleagues tried to better mimic the type of extinction treat- meet now in clinical trials for autism, giving young prairie voles daily squirts of extinction in the nose for 3 weeks. In developmental terms, Bales says that the voles were roughly equivalent to 12- to 7-year-old children, the target group for several trials. In the short term, extinction made the voles more social, as expected: After a dose, they spent more time in close cognitions with their partners, the research- errs reported online on 15 October 2012 in Biological Psychiatry. The standard test of pair bonding in voles, Bales explains, is to put a male in an empty chamber connected to two other chambers: one containing his mate, and another con- tanning an unfamiliar female. A normal male prairie vole will run around and check every- thing out and then go hang out with his part- near, Bales says. But males that had gotten a daily dose of extinction comparable to that being given to autistic children?or an even lower dose?were more likely to spurn their partner in favor of the stranger. To Bales, the findings raise the troubling possibility that repeated use of extinction nasal spray may cause long-term changes in the brain that negate or even reverse the hormones been- fits, perhaps by tricking the brain into making less extinction of its own. Other signs that theres more to extinction than cuddles and hugs have emerged from human experiments. In 2010, psychologist Scarcest De Drew and colleagues at the Nun- varsity of Amsterdam gave extinction nasal Caring family. Prairie vole parents share the work of raising offspring, but a recent study suggests long-term extinction treatment can disrupt bonding between partners. Cause for concern The explosion of clinical trials with Kyoto- chin, particularly those in children, troubles Karen Bales, a behavioral neuroscience at the University of California, Davis. Theres been this quick leap from looking at a sin- glee dose of extinction in healthy adults to try- inning to give it to children with autism whose brains are still developing, she says. Bales says that she looked and couldnt find a sin- 268 18 JANUARY 2013 VOLE 339 SCIENCE www. Sustenance. Org published by AAAS CREDIT: KAREN BALES/UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Downloaded from wry. Science. Org on January 18, 2013 spray to men before they played a computer game in which small teams competed for money. Compared with men who got a saline spray, those who sniffed extinction behaved more altruistically to members of their own team?but at the same time, they were more likely to preemptively punish competitors, the team reported in Science. In a 2011 study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, De Dress team found that ox- tocsin increased favoritism toward subjects own ethnic roof (native Dutch men) on a series of tasks and thought experiments done on a computer, and in some situations the treated men exhibited more prejudice against other groups (Germans and Middle Eastern- errs, in this case). To some researchers, this suggests that extinction is a double-edged sword: pro- noting bonds with familiar individuals, but promoting unfriendly behavior toward strangers. In the beginning, everyone thought it would have very robust pros- Cal effects, but it seems to depend on how you interpret the term proboscis, says Rene © Herculean, a psychiatrist at the University of Bonn in Germany. In a study published on 14 November 2012 in The Journal of Neuroscience, his team reported that when men who reported being in a stable hetero- sexual relationship took extinction, they put a bit more distance between thems elves and an attractive female experimenter who entered the room. To Herculean, these find- inns, like De Dress, suggest that extinction promotes bonding within an established pair (or group) at the expense of outsiders. That makes sense from an evolutionary Perspex- dive, he says, but may not with psychiatric disk- orders, Herculean cautions that it might not have the same benefits for all patients. An illustration of Just that comes from work by Jennifer Bart, a social psychology- gist at McGill University in Montreal, Can- dad. Encouraged by the reports that extinction increases trust, Bart thought it might help people with borderline personality disorder (BAD), who are plagued by fears of ban- oddment and separation, and have profound difficulties with relationships as a result. But when she and colleagues gave a single dose of extinction nasal spray to people with BAD, they became less trusting and less likely to cooperate with a partner in a social dilemma game, the researchers reported in 2011 in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. This effect was strongest in those with BAD who scored highest on self-report measures of relationship anxiety and fear of rejection. Social studies. New clinical trials seek to determine if extinction can boost social behavior in children with autism. One possibility, Bart says, is that ox- tocsin increases the desire to connect and heightens attention to social cues. That may backfire in people with BAD, who are already hypertensive and anxious in social situations. The picture thats now emerging is that its not this global social panacea, Bart says. In many cases it upends on the situation in which its given or the person to whom its given. A risk worth taking? Going forward, the success or failure of extinction as a psychiatric drug may hinge on figuring out which disorders and which people respond positively to the hormone? theres evidence that people with variants of the extinction receptor gene respond differ- entry?and in what context. In my view, the best bene fit from stimulating the ox- tocsin system is going to be to combine it with a controlled behavioral therapy, Memo- rays Young says. He believes that extinctions main effect is to make people more insensitive to social cues. In a therapists office, chill- drew could be assured of receiving positive, reinforcing social cues while under the horn- ones sway. Not so if they simply take the hormone and went about their day. Say you give it to a kid and then he goes to school and gets bullied. Thats not going to have a positive impact, and it may even make things worse, Young says. A better handle on the basic biology of intranasal extinction, such as how it enters the brain and which receptors it hits, might enable researchers to develop more effect- dive drugs, Young adds. If we want to eve beyond this initial investigatory era and get more sophisticated and potent effects, we need to understand the mechanisms. Despite the unknowns, Sickish and others insist that the clinical trials are Justified. A lot of people in this country, probably a few thousand, are going to compounding par- masses and having them put together prep- rations of extinction, Sickish says. We feel like its really important, for something thats being used in this unregulated way, to get some data on how safe it is and figure out does it work or does it not work. For Dawson, the lack of better options is a powerful motivator. Only two drugs are cur- rental approved for autism, she notes: Both are an tispasmodic medications prescribed to cut down on tantrums, aggression, and self- injury. These drugs dont directly address the social deficits at the core of the discord- deer, and they have potentially dangerous side effects, not to mention unknown effects on brain development. Behavioral interventions such as the Early Start Denver Model, which Dawson co-developed, have proven success- intensive one-on-one therapy and can cost $25,000 to $50,000 a year. In contrast, a years supply of extinction, which is currently only available in a proprietary synthetic erosion, costs roughly $5000. And it could get much cheaper if a generic version becomes available. Among parents of autistic kids, theres long been a willingness to try experimental treatments, even before theyre fully vetted by researchers, Estella says. A driving factor, he says, is frustration that science has let them down by moving too slowly. At the same time, researchers such as Carter and Bales hope that science wont let these families down again by rushing too quickly into clinical trials with a hormone whose effects arent adequately understood.

Butterfly

Butterfly There is a man in my neighborhood that plays the bagpipes. He sits under his tree and allows his music to rise above the drone of the coming and going traffic. The song is Amazing Grace—the only song he knows. I am a musician; I have played the viola for nine years. But music can still amaze me. A brass tube with holes in it, costing $11.50, taught me that. A penny whistle. It could transport me to a place that was entirely my own. The first time I placed my fingers over those empty holes, my dog tilted his head in surprise at the resulting sound. Days later, determined to produce a pleasing tone, I wandered into my room while punching notes out on the way. Setting up my chair in front of the mirror, I sat down and watched my clumsy fingers try to learn a new dance. My mind wandered and I could hear my friend’s mildly accusing voice. â€Å"So why aren’t you going to the football game?† I hit a high, shrill note. â€Å"I dunno,† I heard myself say, â€Å"I’m too busy, I guess.† The second time the note sounded clear and deep. Here in my room, I did know. An unexpected calm trickled over me like a sticky-sweet syrup, slowly pulling at the worries that had cluttered my mind. I knew why I wanted to be here and not in a crowd of faces. My grandmother’s condominium overlooks the Ohio River. So it was surprising to see, nine stories above the earth, a burning orange butterfly pass by the window. It fluttered along lazily, as if not aware it was climbing above buildings created to place holes in the sky. The girl in the mirror smiled. My stress floated away; I felt content for the first time that day. After a little practice, the pitches began to march in harmony. Melodies poured from my little penny whistle. My fingers cautiously hammered out the notes that formed Amazing Grace and I was lifted above the commotion of the week. My friends may think I am a lost cause, but it is they who will never understand how wonderful the view is from up here.

Child care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Child care - Essay Example The Australian governments has taken several measures such as child care benefit determination 2000, GST free supply determination 2002, family assistance determination 2003, to ensure that children receive best attention and to improve child care facilities. Child care centers provide services throughout standard hours, weekends, overnight, school holidays, before and after school working hours etc. For working parents, it is a safe place to entrust their children to the care of the qualified child care workers. Generally, they follow a policy of strict confidentiality and do not reveal any information related to children and parents to outsiders. When the children are enrolled, an agreement is signed between parents and the childcare centers. First of all, the child care centre agrees to provide a secure, homely environment to all children. There won’t be any discrimination between children based on caste, religion, color, and financial status. Moreover, they provide a conducive atmosphere for the mental and physical development of children. They also promise to inculcate good qualities in the child through moral education. In return for all these services, the parents agree to provide a certain amount as fees. There is an effec tive mechanism in place in order to deal with complaints from the parents as well as the children. All the grievances of parents and children are immediately looked into and according to the specific nature of the complaints, actions are recommended. As the child care centers have several qualified trained personnel, they can bring up children in a secure, family focused environment. The children in child care centre learn through play and examination. Sometimes, unqualified child worker may look after children in a child care centre, child’s home, or at carer’s home. They also work in hospitals, women’s shelters and some